As we continue to navigate a world shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about emerging infectious diseases remain high. More recently, Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox) has entered the spotlight, sparking anxieties across the globe.
Singapore, with its extensive international connections, is not exempt from these concerns. In fact, health experts, including the Singapore Health Minister, have warned of the potential for Mpox cases to emerge here due to our frequent travel links.
So, what is Monkeypox, and what are some of the steps we can take to protect ourselves and our loved ones?
Understanding Mpox: What is it?
Mpox is a viral disease caused by two distinct types of the monkeypox virus: Clade I and Clade II.
Historically, Mpox was primarily found in Central and West Africa, where it is endemic. Cases outside these regions were rare and usually linked to travel or imported animals.
However, in 2022, a global outbreak of Clade IIb Mpox emerged, affecting multiple countries that had not previously experienced the disease, including Singapore. Thankfully, due to a significant decrease in cases and deaths, the Public Health Emergency of International Concern status was lifted.
Despite this positive development, Mpox transmission continues globally, albeit at lower levels. In 2023, the DRC saw a significant rise in cases and deaths, primarily involving the endemic Clade I. This outbreak has largely remained within Africa, although two isolated Clade I cases have been detected outside the continent in individuals with recent travel history to affected areas.
Mpox Transmission: How Do You Get Monkeypox?
Mpox spreads primarily through close contact with an infected person or animal or by handling contaminated materials. Let’s take a closer look at the specific ways the virus can be transmitted:
Person-to-Person Transmission
- Touching the rash, scabs, or bodily fluids of someone with Mpox
- Prolonged face-to-face contact, allowing transmission through respiratory droplets
- Contact with contaminated items or surfaces, such as bedding or clothing
Transmission through Contaminated Objects
- Touching objects or surfaces contaminated with an infected person’s rash or body fluids
- Sharing personal items like bedding, towels, or clothing with an infected person
Animal-to-Human Transmission
- Bites or scratches from infected animals
- Coming into contact with the bodily fluids or sores of an infected animal
- Consuming inadequately cooked meat from infected animals
What Are the Symptoms of Monkeypox?
Mpox typically exhibits a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, with the onset usually occurring within one to three weeks following exposure. The duration of these symptoms can extend from two to four weeks and even longer in individuals with compromised immune systems.
The initial phase of Mpox often mimics common illnesses, with individuals experiencing:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches and back pain
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
A hallmark of Mpox is the development of a distinctive rash, which may appear concurrently with the initial symptoms or even precede them in some cases. This rash undergoes several stages, evolving from flat spots to raised bumps, then to fluid-filled blisters that eventually scab over and fall off. While the rash can affect various parts of the body, it commonly affects the face, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. It can also develop in areas where close contact occurs, such as the genitals or anus.
The rash can be accompanied by discomfort, ranging from itching to significant pain. Some individuals may experience only a few lesions, while others may have hundreds. Additionally, Mpox can cause complications such as swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or urinating.
And although Mpox generally resolves without serious complications for most individuals, there are specific groups who face a heightened risk of experiencing more severe illness. These include children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. In these groups, Mpox can lead to bacterial infections, pneumonia, eye complications, and even be fatal in rare cases.
Preventing the Spread of Mpox: Effective Strategies
Of course, with such a health concern looming, the main question on everyone’s mind is: how to avoid Monkeypox?
Thankfully, there are a few steps you can implement to protect yourself and those around you.
1. Vaccination
In Singapore, frontline healthcare workers and individuals in close contact with confirmed Mpox cases are prioritised for complimentary vaccinations. This proactive approach aims to safeguard those most vulnerable and curb the spread of the virus within the community.
2. Hygiene Practices
Practising proper hygiene, such as frequent handwashing or using hand sanitiser, remains a cornerstone of Mpox prevention. Regularly washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser when soap and water aren’t readily available can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
3. Minimising Contact
Reducing close contact with individuals exhibiting symptoms is crucial. If you’re caring for someone with Mpox, prioritise using personal protective equipment like gloves and masks to minimise your risk of exposure.
4. Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection
Meticulous cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and objects, whether at home, work, or in public areas, are essential in disrupting the spread of Mpox. Use disinfectants on hard surfaces and launder any items that may have been in contact with an infected person. If someone in your household has Mpox, take extra precautions when cleaning and disinfecting, and dispose of contaminated waste safely.
5. Staying Informed and Vigilant
And finally, staying updated on the latest information and recommendations from trusted health organisations and news outlets is essential. If you experience any symptoms suggestive of Mpox, seek medical advice promptly. Remember, early detection and appropriate care can significantly improve outcomes.
While these preventive measures are crucial, we understand that maintaining a consistently clean and disinfected environment can be challenging, especially with busy schedules. If you’re struggling to keep up, consider enlisting the help of a part-time cleaner in Singapore.
At Absolute Cleaning, we also offer a range of services, from rug cleaning to sofa cleaning, to ensure a thorough and hygienic clean.
For more tips on maintaining a healthy living space, check out our guides on Home Remedies To Eliminate Germs and DIY vs Professional Carpet Cleaning in Singapore: Pros and Cons for a Clean Space.
Remember, prioritising cleanliness is an investment in your well-being. Let Absolute Cleaning be your partner in creating a safe and healthy environment for you and your loved ones.